Women farmworkers face systemic barriers, health risks

Researchers at the University of Michigan School of Public Health conducted a study on the experiences of women farmworkers in Michigan, focusing on occupational and social challenges. The study identified five key areas of concern: gender-based discrimination, sexual harassment, reproductive health issues, pregnancy-related difficulties, and work-life balance struggles.

The study, part of the Michigan Farmworker Project led by researchers Handal and Lisbeth Iglesias-Ríos, aims to address health inequities in the farmworker population. Farmworkers, especially women, often face systemic barriers due to historical policies that exclude them from labor and social protections afforded to other workers. This invisibility contributes to unsafe working conditions and limited legal recourse.

Findings revealed widespread exploitation of female farmworkers, particularly concerning health and safety. Many reported inadequate access to sanitary facilities, leading to health risks such as urinary tract infections and menstrual complications. Some women described being forced to change sanitary products in the field due to insufficient break time and restroom availability. Others detailed instances of dehydration because they avoided drinking water to minimize restroom use. The absence of proper hygiene facilities exacerbates health risks, yet many workers fear speaking out due to potential retaliation from employers.

Workplace discrimination and sexual harassment were also recurring issues. Women farmworkers frequently experience verbal and physical harassment from supervisors and male coworkers. Some reported feeling pressured to endure inappropriate behavior to keep their jobs, especially given the lack of alternative employment opportunities.

The study also found that pregnancy discrimination is common, with many women being denied reasonable accommodations or forced out of their jobs when they could no longer meet demanding physical labor requirements. Fear of losing employment discourages many from reporting these injustices.

Legal protections, including the Family and Medical Leave Act and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, theoretically extend to agricultural workers, but their enforcement remains inconsistent. Many women hesitate to report unsafe conditions or harassment, fearing job loss and economic hardship. This reluctance is especially pronounced for those responsible for household income, as job security is often prioritized over personal well-being. Some women also face language barriers, making it even more difficult to navigate legal resources and report violations.

The study also highlighted the importance of community-based organizations, such as Farmworker Legal Services, in bridging communication gaps between farmworkers and advocacy groups. These organizations facilitate legal assistance and ensure that the voices of marginalized workers are heard.

Additionally, women farmworkers often rely on informal support networks within their communities, sharing knowledge about safer workplaces and available resources.

Experts emphasize the need for systemic change, including increased representation of women in leadership roles within agriculture. Encouraging women to enter decision-making positions can promote safer work environments and establish stronger support systems for reporting harassment and discrimination. Policy reforms, stricter enforcement of labor laws, and increased oversight are essential to protect the rights and well-being of female farmworkers, ensuring equitable treatment in agricultural labor.